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Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling, 2023.65:437-447

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Klaus D. Kubinger
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Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling
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01-10-2023
DOI:
10.2440/001-0008

On the dimensionality of Reasoning

Abstract:

According to the categorization of reasoning tests by Kubinger (2023) in this special issue, corresponding conceptualizations of six tests were in detail also presented there.For all of them the Rasch model’s validness could be fundamentally proven. And each of them seems potentially usefull for practical counseling. This paper now analyzes the dimensionality of the abilities being measured with these tests. The question is if each indeed measures a specific intelligence factor but is not covered by other factors or even by a general reasoning factor – both the latter cases means that at least one of the tests  is redundant and therefore is not necessarily further to discuss. Consequently, the hypothesis is: these tests are correlated only in a practical negligible extent. Consequently, the hypothesis is: these tests are correlated only in a practical negligible extent. Because expecting a six-factor solution by applying factor analysis to six variables is hardly realistic, an analysis with multiple correlations has been tried. The question is whether the correlation coefficient between any two tests (significantly) increases if some further tests were taken into account. The pairwise correlation coefficients of eight studies were on the author’s disposal (n = 2047) which  all proved to be significantly non-zero, however the largest one is (only) .430, meaning a determination coefficient of 18.5% at most. When the correlation coefficient of each test as the regressand and another test as the regressor is compared with the multiple correlation coefficient using additionally one or two more tests as regressors, this always resulted in non-significance (a = .01) except on one occasion – however even there the correlation with a coefficient of .456 is anything but impressive for practice. That is, each of the tests is neither covered by another factor nor by a general reasoning factor.     

Keywords:

Reasoning, crystallized vs. fluid intelligence, Jäger’s contents, dimensionality, multiple correla-tion
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